Statutory accounting for Serbia, explainable to the source
This is where every document from the rest of the system turns into a posting, a tax record and a report. The general ledger carries dimensions from the first line, and every posting references the rule version that produced it — the explanation is read from the record, not reconstructed afterwards. VAT, receivables, payments, periods and statutory reports share one chart of accounts and one set of master data: one ledger, one trace, one answer to where a number came from.
- Ledger with dimensions
- POPDV and PP PDV
- Statement auto-matching
- Soft and hard close
- Open items, dunning, interest
- Effective-dated parameters
Why this space is the core of the system
Finance is not the last stop of a document. It is where goods, sales, purchasing and labour become one business truth — or three different ones.
In most companies accounting receives a document once the work is already done, and posts whatever can still be recovered from it. Analysis by cost centre, project or carrier is added later, usually as an extra field or as an agreement that a certain account code stands for one plant. The report management asks for is then assembled in a spreadsheet, outside the system, and it is assembled slightly differently every month. When an auditor or an inspector asks why something was posted the way it was, the answer is reconstructed from memory rather than read from the record.
NG One reverses that order. A dimension belongs to the posting model rather than to a field added afterwards — every ledger line carries its cost carriers, so a report by plant, project or sales channel comes out of the same ledger that produces the trial balance, with no second database and no export to a spreadsheet. Postings are not written by a developer but configured: posting groups and rules are effective-dated settings, and a posting preview shows the complete journal entry before the document is posted. When a rule changes, older postings still reference the version they were created under.
The structural advantage lies in two decisions locked before the first report was ever written: dimensional posting and effective-dated statutory parameters. Neither can be added later without reposting history, which is precisely why systems that grew over decades do not have them in the core. Effective-dated parameters mean that correcting a document from a closed period uses the rates, thresholds and mappings that applied then — not today's. In a country where tax rules change mid-year, that is a condition for representing the past accurately, not a convenience.
The record-to-report flow
From document to statutory report, step by step — the same finance value chain the Atlas draws.
- Step 1
A document enters the system
A purchase invoice, a bank statement, a delivery note, a payroll run or a cash voucher arrives from its own space with the partner, item and originating document already linked.
- Purchase invoice, bank statement, delivery note, cash voucher
- OCR field proposal with confidence measured per field type
- Duplicate check and a check that the period is open
- Link back to the goods receipt or purchase order behind it
- Step 2
Posting
The posting engine assembles the journal entry from posting groups and the rules effective on the document date. Nothing is posted before the full entry is visible.
- Posting groups as configuration, not as code
- Dimensions populated from the document context
- Posting preview: the complete entry before confirmation
- The rule version is written onto the posting line
- Step 3
Controls and reconciliation
Sub-ledgers, bank and stock are reconciled continuously rather than in a panic before close. What the system cannot connect on its own it hands to a person, with a reason.
- Customer and supplier open items, statement of open items
- Statement matching by payment reference, amount and partner
- Stock-to-ledger reconciliation against inventory
- Maker-checker on cash desk and manual journals
- Step 4
Tax records
VAT is not computed at month end from aggregates; it arises from the same lines that produce the posting, under the mapping effective for that period.
- Records following the EEO and EPP structure
- POPDV and the PP PDV return as submission-ready XML
- Mapping resolved by the version effective for the period
- Statutory deadlines from the compliance rule pack
- Step 5
Period close
A period closes module by module, then as a whole. Reopening exists, but as a decision that leaves a trace — never as a quiet edit.
- FX differences and revaluation of foreign-currency balances
- Soft close per module, then hard close of the period
- Reopening only with approval and a journal record
- Checklist of unreconciled items before the close
- Step 6
Reporting
Statutory and management reporting leave the same ledger. Every figure opens down to the line and to the document behind it.
- Trial balance, journal and account cards with drill-down
- APR financial statements with the filing file for PIS
- Corporate income tax: PB-1, PDP, PDPO and PPI-1
- Budget, controlling and cash flow by dimension
What this space covers
Thirty capabilities across five groups — from the dimensional posting model to corporate income tax. All of them run on the same general ledger and the same master data: none is a separate module with its own database and its own reconciliation.
General ledger, dimensions and posting
The foundation everything else stands on. The decisions in this group cannot be added later without reposting history.
8 capabilities
Dimensional posting model
Cost centre, carrier, project, plant and channel belong to the ledger line itself, not to an analytical layer beside it. The dimension is populated from the document context and travels with the line into every report.
Serbian chart of accounts and posting engine
The official Serbian chart of accounts, posting groups as configuration, and an architecture that carries several frameworks for entities outside Serbia.
Effective-dated statutory parameters
Rates, tax-free amounts, thresholds and tax mappings carry validity dates. A document from a past period is computed under that period's rules — a change of legislation in July does not touch what was posted in March.
Versioned rules and “explain this posting”
Every transaction references the rule version that produced it, so the explanation is read from the record. A deterministic answer, with no AI guesswork involved.
General ledger and posting journal
Double-entry accounting, automatic postings from documents, controlled manual journals and an immutable audit journal.
Posting preview
The complete journal entry is visible before the document is confirmed — with accounts, dimensions and the rule that produced each line.
Account cards, trial balance and opening balances
Account cards and trial balance with drill-down to line and document; opening balances and balance carry-forward at year change.
FX differences and exchange rates
The NBS rate table is retrieved automatically, with manual entry left for contractual and internal rates. FX difference calculation and revaluation of foreign-currency balances run on the rate effective at the calculation date.
Receivables, payables and collection
An open item is where collection starts, not where posting ends. This group holds the local instruments foreign systems do not carry.
5 capabilities
Open items and statement of open items
Customer and supplier open items by due date, currency and dimension; the statement of open items as a document with its own send-and-response history.
Automated dunning
A rule watches due dates and prepares dunning by level. The result is a draft a person confirms — the system does not send a reminder without a decision.
Interest calculation
Statutory and contractual interest by period, using the rates that applied in each period, with a day-by-day calculation specification.
Set-offs, assignments and cessions
Local settlement instruments as full documents with participants, lines and postings — not as manual closing of open items.
Credit limits and 45/60-day terms
A credit limit per partner enforced in the sales flow, and the statutory 45- and 60-day payment terms built into due-date control.
Banking and cash desk
Statement matching and payment proposals are where the largest block of manual work becomes a review instead.
5 capabilities
Statement import and auto-matching
Statements are imported from file and matched automatically by payment reference (model 97), amount and partner. Ambiguous lines stay with a person, together with the reason they were not matched.
Payment proposal by due date
The system assembles a payment proposal from due liabilities, available balance and priority. The proposal is a draft for approval, not an execution.
Payment orders, model 97, IPS QR
Payment orders with reference-number validation, IPS QR code generation, and foreign-currency orders with payment codes and beneficiary details.
Cash desk with maker-checker
Dinar and foreign-currency cash desk, cash report, and the rule that whoever enters a voucher is not whoever approves it.
Banking channels: statements and orders
Statements are retrieved automatically and orders submitted channel by channel, configured per tenant and legal entity — so a company with accounts at several banks does not work in several places.
VAT and statutory reporting
A tax obligation arises from a line, not from a month-end total. Mapping is versioned by period because the legislation changes mid-year.
6 capabilities
VAT records EEO and EPP
Output and input VAT records in the structure the legislation requires, with every line linked to the document it came from.
POPDV and PP PDV
The VAT calculation overview and the tax return as submission-ready XML, with drill-down from any box to the lines that compose it.
Versioned tax mapping
The mapping of accounts and transaction types to record boxes is effective-dated, so a return for a past period is assembled under the scheme that applied then.
APR financial statements
Balance sheet, income statement and accompanying statements, with the filing file for the PIS portal. Every position opens down to the account and to the line behind it.
Corporate income tax: PB-1, PDP, PDPO
The tax balance and corporate income tax returns, including withholding tax, computed on the data in the same general ledger.
SEF, CRF, fiscalisation and ePorezi
SEF sends and receives invoices and carries the VAT records, public-sector liabilities go to the Central Invoice Registry, the fiscal channel (LPFR/VPFR) issues receipts through ESIR, and returns reach ePorezi as signed XML.
Periods, assets and controlling
Control over time, assets and plan. This is what separates accounting for filing from finance for deciding.
6 capabilities
Business calendar, periods and closing
Fiscal years, periods per module, soft and hard close, reopening on approval, and a record of every reopening.
Maker-checker and SoD over financial actions
Six-layer authorisation: roles, data scope, approval limits, segregation of duties, maker-checker and delegation. Approval limits apply by amount, currency and document type, and a delegation carries an expiry.
Fixed assets and PPI-1
Dual depreciation — accounting and tax out of the same asset register — stocktaking with location and carrier, and the PPI-1 property tax form.
Budgets, controlling and cash flow
Plan by dimension, plan-versus-actual out of the same ledger, and a cash flow statement without a separate data model beneath it.
Consolidation, intercompany and agency mode
Multiple legal entities with elimination of internal relations, and the mode in which an accounting firm runs many clients in one system, with data isolation at database level and configuration per client.
Compliance calendar and alerts
Filing deadlines, regulatory changes and obligation status per legal entity on one screen, with the status of each submission in the channel it went through.
What the AI does in finance
No magic, and no posting behind your back. The AI here does three things: it reads the document, it drafts, and it explains with evidence. A person signs the decision.
OCR and posting proposal
From a scanned or received invoice the system extracts fields and offers a posting proposal. Confidence is measured per field type rather than as one number for the document: when a field is not certain enough it stays empty and asks for a person — the system refuses to guess. Duplicates are caught before posting, and the link to the goods receipt is proposed from context.
Statement matching
Statement lines are matched against open items by payment reference, amount, partner and the pattern of earlier payments. Unmatched lines are not pushed into a suspense account; they stay on a list with the reason the match was not certain. The automation is measured and visible — how many lines were matched without a person is on the screen, not in a brochure.
Answers with evidence
On any posting, the contextual panel answers the questions an accountant actually asks: why was this posted this way, what is the VAT treatment, where is the related goods receipt, is there a duplicate. The answer always carries the source documents and a drill-down to the line, and the rule explanation is read from the rule version written on the transaction.
Drafts instead of to-do lists
Instead of a list of what should be done, the system prepares what can be prepared: dunning letters for late customers, a payment proposal by due date, a message to a supplier about an unmatched invoice. Every result is a draft with the reasoning behind it — approving, editing and rejecting are equal outcomes, and all three stay in the trace.
Predictions and anomalies
Cash-in projection from open items and each partner's actual payment behaviour, collection risk per partner, and detection of postings that deviate from the usual pattern. The model runs on your own history and says how much it knows: a projection carries the number of items it stands on and its spread, so an estimate is never displayed as a measurement.
Why this is not one more finance module
A comparison against what companies run today — without dismissing systems that work. The difference sits in decisions taken before the first line of code.
Dimensions from the first posting
Dimensional posting cannot be added afterwards — history posted without a dimension stays without it forever, unless it is reposted. Systems that grew out of the nineties work around it with analytical accounts or a parallel ledger, so the project report and the trial balance come from two sources. In NG One the dimension is part of the ledger line — in the data model, not in a setting somebody switches on when it is needed.
Effective-dated statutory parameters
Most systems hold one active value for a rate or a mapping. When the rule changes in July, correcting a March document is computed under July's rules — and nobody notices until an inspection does. NG One gives every parameter a validity date, so the past is computed under the rules of the past. Where tax legislation changes mid-year, that is a condition of accuracy, not a comfort.
The explanation is read, not reconstructed
In most systems the question “why was this posted this way” leads to a person who remembers a setting from two years ago. Here every transaction references the rule version it was created under, so the answer is reproducible and identical for everyone who asks — accountant, auditor or inspector. That is a deterministic property of the record, not an AI feature.
One core: goods, finance, legislation
Foreign systems have no Serbian payroll, no POPDV and no cash desk; local systems have no real WMS, no dimensions in the core and no backdated inventory recalculation. NG One holds both sides on one platform: a backdated posting triggers inventory recalculation and stock-to-ledger reconciliation instead of leaving a difference to be “sorted out at year end”. One core also means one permission model, one audit trail and one place where legislation is versioned — for every space at once.
The flows this space runs through
A business space is not an island. These processes touch it end to end, and where a flow leaves this space the record stays the same — the next step receives it structured rather than retyped.
Finance
Record-to-Report
The path from document to report. Postings come from the business event rather than a second round of data entry, and carry their dimensions from the first line, so period close does not begin by hunting for what is missing. POPDV, PP PDV and the APR statements come out of that same journal, with nothing reassembled afterwards.
- Document
- Posting
- Controls
- Close
- Reporting
Fixed assets
Acquire-to-Retire
An asset's path from acquisition to disposal. Accounting and tax depreciation run in parallel from the same record, and counts and transfers never leave the system.
- Acquisition
- Capitalisation
- Depreciation
- Count and transfer
- Disposal or sale
Procurement
Procure-to-Pay
The path from a need to a supplier payment. The invoice arrives over SEF, and purchase order, receipt and invoice reconcile themselves — a person decides only where the three documents disagree.
- Requisition
- Approval
- Purchase order
- Goods receipt
- Invoice
- Payment
Revenue
Lead-to-Cash
The path from first opportunity to money in the account. Each step hands the next a structured record, so a quote is never retyped into an order, nor a delivery note into an invoice. The invoice leaves for SEF from the same step that raises it.
- Opportunity
- Quote
- Order
- Delivery
- Invoice
- Collection
Questions about this space
Scope, boundaries, and the rules this space posts by.
Does NG One cover accounting under Serbian legislation?
Yes, and by name. The chart of accounts is the official Serbian one, and the posting engine runs on effective-dated posting groups. The VAT engine keeps the EEO and EPP records from the lines themselves, assembles POPDV and produces PP PDV as submission-ready XML. The general ledger carries dimensions; the sub-ledgers carry statements of open items, dunning, interest, set-offs, assignments and cessions; payments know model 97 and IPS QR. Fixed assets run dual depreciation and the PPI-1 form, APR statements come out as the filing file for PIS, and the tax balance produces PB-1, PDP and PDPO. SEF, CRF, the fiscal channel (LPFR/VPFR, ESIR) and ePorezi are connected channels, not a file you upload somewhere yourself.
What is dimensional posting and why does it matter before we start?
A dimension is a carrier of cost or revenue: cost centre, project, plant, sales channel, vehicle, employee. When the dimension is part of the ledger line, a project report leaves the same ledger as the trial balance and always agrees with it. When it is not, it is added later as a parallel ledger or solved with a sprawling tree of analytical accounts — and from then on every new cut requires a new account or a new table. The decision cannot be corrected retroactively: postings made without a dimension cannot acquire one without being reposted. That is why in NG One the dimension sits in the data model, on every line, from the first one you post. Your part of the decision is which dimensions you introduce — and that is a conversation we have before opening balances are transferred.
How are documents from closed periods posted and corrected?
A period closes in two steps: a soft close stops routine work per module, a hard close locks the period. Reopening exists, but it requires approval and stays in the immutable journal — who reopened it, when and why. When a document dated in a past period is posted or corrected, the calculation uses the parameters that applied then, not today's. If the document touches inventory, a backdated recalculation and stock-to-ledger reconciliation are triggered, so the difference is not carried forward as an unexplained variance until year end.
Does the AI post instead of the accountant?
No. The AI reads documents, proposes postings, matches statements and prepares drafts — and the result is always a proposal a person confirms. In OCR, confidence is measured per field type and the system refuses to guess: an uncertain field is left empty rather than filled with a probable value. Every AI conclusion carries an explanation and a drill-down to the source documents, works within the permissions of the user who invoked it, and lands in the AI trace — both the approval and the rejection. Unattended posting exists only where the rule is deterministic and explicitly enabled — and then it is rule-based automation, not a model's estimate.
What does moving from Pantheon or Business Central look like?
Migration is its own step with its own artefacts: templates for partners, items, opening balances, stock by lot and open documents, plus mapping of old codes to new ones. A trial migration runs first, then reconciliation with control totals — the trial balance and open items from the old system must agree with the new one before cutover is confirmed. Rollback is part of the plan, not an improvisation. The greatest care goes into mapping the chart of accounts and deciding which dimensions you introduce: that is the moment that decides how you will report for the next ten years.
Does NG One work for an accounting firm with many clients?
Yes. A consultant works across a portfolio of clients, bulk actions run across several legal entities, and obligation status per client sits on one screen. Data isolation is enforced at database level rather than by a filter in the application, and configuration is per client without a separate installation. The distinction matters: a system that did not anticipate agency mode later solves it with a separate database per client, and from then on the firm pays for — and waits for — every upgrade as many times as it has clients. Here the core is one, so a change in legislation reaches every client at the same moment.
What does early enrolment mean for finance?
The commercial part is on the programme page: 40% off the price of the solution for enrolments until 1 September 2026, against a 10% reservation advance. For this space the working part matters more. Before go-live we go through your chart of accounts, the dimensions you actually report on, your tax mappings and your posting rules — and that becomes your tenant's configuration rather than a request on a list. Which dimensions every line carries, and how transactions map to record boxes, decide how you will report for the next ten years, so those decisions are taken with you, while opening balances are still ahead of you.
Neighbouring spaces
Test NG One against your own chart of accounts
Book a working review of the finance and compliance space. We go through your chart of accounts, the dimensions you need, your VAT records and your period close — on your own documents, with drill-down from every figure to the line it came from.